Inside every living cell, tiny molecular machines are constantly in motion, shifting shapes, tugging on membranes and shuttling ions from one side to the other. That restless activity does more than ...

Even small objects, such as dust and leaves, can block sunlight from reaching solar cells, and understanding how the loss of incoming radiation affects power output is essential for optimizing ...

WASHINGTON, Sept. 27, 2022 – Large obstacles, like clouds and buildings, can block sunlight from reaching solar cells, but smaller sources, such as dust and leaves, can also create similar problems.