This section was adapted from The Engine and the Atmosphere: An Introduction to Engineering by Z. Warhaft, Cambridge University Press, 1997. How many times a day do we turn on a faucet? Do it now.

For macroscopic flows of water or air the Reynolds number is much larger than unity; the standard type of flow is therefore turbulent. A typical Reynolds number for a person walking is . For large ...

Tests of a proposed friction-factor equation have shown it to be accurate for calculating pressure loss in turbulent flow for a pipeline transporting a non-Newtonian fluid, such as most crude oils and ...