Flow is controlled by either throttling or diverting it. Throttling involves reducing orifice size until all of the flow cannot pass through the orifice; bypassing involves routing part of the flow ...

Flow controllers are electric devices that monitor and provide feedback to control flow-rate variables as part of a process control application. They can be used in conjunction with pumps, valves, ...

There’s a debate among commercial and industrial hydronic system designers: how best to refine and enhance pumping and system efficiency to precisely match output to load (need). Decades ago, ...