Less than two decades after the Civil War, Southern slave-owning dynasties were back on top of the economic ladder. The sons of formerly enslaved people never caught up.

The standard image of Southern slavery is that of a large plantation with hundreds of slaves. In fact, such situations were rare. Fully 3/4 of Southern whites did not even own slaves; ...

Emancipation should have laid waste to the Southern aristocracy. The economy was built on the forced labor of enslaved Africans, and almost half the Confederacy’s wealth was invested in owning ...

At the peak of black slavery in the South, only 6 percent of Southern whites owned slaves. If you include the white people in the North, it means that only 1.4 percent of white Americans owned ...

MECHANICSVILLE, Monday, Sept. 2, 1861. To the Editor of the New-York Times: A correspondent asks (in good faith) what shall be done with the slaves of our Southern States, if they are suddenly ...

The decision of Southern politicians to secede may seem puzzling. Lincoln made clear he didn’t intend to push for the abolition of slavery. He stated the point directly in his inaugural address ...

During the slavery era, the Southern economy depended on slave labor not only to thrive but to survive, so it’s not surprising that many American institutions we equate with patriotism and ...

Pastor Douglas Wilson, of the Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches, made the statements in his 1996 book Southern Slavery: As It Was. Stay up to date with notifications from The Independent.

Slavery as a Military Force. Share full article. July 25, 1864. Credit... The New York Times Archives. See the article in its original context from July 25, 1864, Page 4 Buy Reprints.

Today is Juneteenth, a celebration commemorating the emancipation of slaves in the United States. WesternSlopeNow sat down with native Grand Junction resident Christine Westermire, an educator at ...