Two systems exist in thermal equilibrium if no heat passes between them. Computers, which consume energy and give off heat as ...

The equation of state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) represents the collective behavior of particles that experience the strong force—a gas of strongly interacting particles at equilibrium ...

When physicists first explored thermodynamics and statistical physics during the 1800s, and through the 1900s, they focused on analyzing physical systems that are at or near equilibrium.

The fact that classical thermodynamics presumes equilibrium situations limits the applicability of the second law. Entropy and temperature cannot even be defined unless the system is in equilibrium.

2. According to the second law of thermodynamics, particles will constantly want to expand to achieve an equilibrium status. The second law explains that while there are many possible examples of ...

The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in equilibrium with each other.

Chaperones are specialized proteins in the cell that help other proteins to reach their functional 3D shapes, which correspond to the states preferred at thermodynamic equilibrium. But a new study ...

New research determines the thermodynamic properties of the quark gluon plasma by David Appell, Phys.org edited by Sadie Harley, reviewed by Robert Egan Editors' notes ...